Behind the Iron curtain
nmobmXr
nS>Úm‘mJo
""Va {‘ImB©b Jmo~m©Moìh `m§Mo gaH$mar {ZdmgñWmZ
Hw$R>o? ‘m°ñH$moÀ`m ^oQ>rda AgUmè`m nÌH$mam§À`m
Am‘À`m VwH$S>rVrb EH$m gXñ`mZo {dMmabo. Vmo àíZ Vgm AJXr
gmYmgwYm hmoVm. {Xdg^amÀ`m Am‘À`m ‘m°ñH$mo Xe©Z ghbr‘Ü`o
Am‘À`m {Q>‘À`m JmB©S>Zo Amåhmbm amOYmZrVrb AZoH$
Eo{Vhm{gH$ àoj{U` Am{U n`©Q>Z ñWim§H$S>o Zobo hmoVo.
Ë`m‘wio Jmo~m©Moìh hm gdm}ƒ a{e`Z ZoË`mÀ`m {ZdmgñWmZm
g§~§Yr àíZ {dMmaÊ`mg ‘bm ñdV…bm dm Am‘À`m VwH$S>rVrb
EH$mhr nÌH$mambm H$mhrM dmdJo {Xgbo Zmhr. Ago AgyZhr Vmo àíZ
H$mZmda nS>VmM Qw>[añQ> JmB©S>Mo H$m‘ H$aUmar Vr
a{e`Z `wdVr Mnmnbr hmoVr. jU^a AmnU Vmo àíZ EoH$bmM Zmhr Ago {VZo
Xe©{dbo. Z§Va Vm~S>Vmo~ ñdV…bm gmdê$Z Vr Amåhmbm Vmo bmb
Mm¡H$, bo{ZZ ñ‘maH$, H«o$‘{bZ dJ¡ao {df`r nyduÀ`mM M CËgmhr
ñdamV ‘m{hVr gm§Jy bmJbr.
hr
KQ>Zm hmoVr 1986 gmbÀ`m E{àb ‘{hÝ`mVrb. a{e`Z H$å`w{ZñQ>
njmÀ`m ga{MQ>UrgnXr {‘ImB©b Jmo~m©Moìh `m§Mr {Z`wº$s
hmoD$Z Ho$di df©^amMm H$mi bmoQ>bm hmoVm. ½bgZm°ñV Am{U
noaoÌmoB©H$m hm Ë`m§À`m XmoZ AmdS>rÀ`m {df`m§Mr a{e`mV
Am{U g§nyU© OJ^a H$m¡VwH${‘lrV MMm© hmoÊ`mg Vmon`ªV gwê$dmV
Pmbr ZìhVr. gmå`dmXr OJmVrb nmobmXr nS>Xm AOyZ H$m`‘M hmoVm.
Ë`m‘wio a{e`Z ZoË`mÀ`m {ZdmgñWmZm{df`r ‘m{hVr XoÊ`mg§~§Yr
Ë`m a{e` `wdVrÀ`m ‘ZmVrb g§^«‘ ghO g‘OÊ`mgmaIm hmoVm.
a{e`mV
nmD$b R>odÊ`mAmYrM gmå`dmXr XoemVrb nmobmXr nS>Úm{df`r ‘r
^anya H$mhr EoH$bo hmoVo. 1917 gmbr OJmVrb n{hbr gmå`dmXr H«$m§Vr
a{e`mV Pmë`mZ§Va H$mhr dfm©VM Omogo’$ ñQ>°{bZ Am{U Z§Va
{bAmo{ZX ~«moPZoìh dJ¡ao hþHy$‘ehm gÎmmYmè`mÀ`m H$maH$sXuV
a{e`Z OZVoZo {H$Ë`oH$ XeHo$ ñdmV§Í`mMr hdm AZw^dbr ZìhVr. Xþgè`m
‘hm`wÕmÀ`m H$mimV gmå`dmXr a{e`mÀ`m H$m|XQ> Am{U ~§{XñV
dmVmdaUmMo {dñQ>Z M{M©b `m§Zr 'nmobmXr nS>Xm' Ago gmW©
Zm‘H$aU Ho$bo hmoVo. ‘mÂ`m nÌH$ma {‘ÌmÀ`m Ë`m gmÜ`mgwÜ`m
àíZmg CÎma XoÊ`mg Ë`m Qw>[añQ> JmB©S>Zo H$m
Q>mimQ>mi Ho$br ho g‘OÊ`mg ‘bm ’$magm Cera bmJbm Zmhr.
H$mhr
{Xdgm§nydu {‘ImB©b Jmo~m©Moìh `m§Zm nXÀ`wV H$aÊ`mMm A`ñdr
à`ËZ H$mhr gwYmaUm{damoYr ‘§S>itZr Ho$bm hmoVm. Ë`m{Z{‘ÎmmZo
½bmgZm°ñV Am{U noaoñÌmoB©H$m A‘bmV `oÊ`mnydu a{e`mVrb Am{U
~ëJo[a`m `m Xþgè`m EH$m gmå`dmXr amï´>mVrb ‘mÂ`m OwÝ`m
AmR>dUr Om½`m Pmë`m.
‘mM©
1985 ‘Ü`o a{e`mVrb EH$njr` amOdQ>rV H$å`w{ZñQ> njmÀ`m
ga{MQ>UrgnXmMr gyÌo hmVr KoVë`Z§Va {‘ImB©b Jmo~m©Moìh
`m§Zr Amnë` XoemMr H$dmS>o {d{dY gwYmaUm§gmR>r Am{U ‘wº$
{dMmam§gmR>r Iwbr H$ê$Z {Xbr hmoVr. nU Ë`m§À`m‘mJo a{e`mVrb
OdiOdi ghm XeH$mÀ`m EH$m{YH$maemhrMr na§nam hmoVr. Vo ñdV…
gwYmaUmdmXr Agbo Var Ë`m§À` njmV Am{U gaH$ma‘Ü`o H$Å>a
nmoWr{ZñQ> ‘m³ŠgdmÚm§Mo Am{U gwYmaUm{damoYr ‘§S>itMo
dM©ñd hmoVoM. Ë`m‘wio amOH$s` Am{W©H$ dm BVa Hw$R>ë`mhr
joÌmV VS>H$m’$S>H$s `eñdr gwYmaUm H$aUo Ë`m§Zm eŠ`M
ZìhVo. Jmo~m©Moìh {damoYr Pmboë`m AJXr AbrH$S>À`m CR>mdmZo
Ë`m§À`m njmV Am{U gÎmoda AgUmè`m H$mhr ‘§S>irMm gwYmaUog
Agbobm gwá {damoY àH$fm©Zo CKS>H$sg Ambm.
{deof
åhUOo {dñQ>Z M{M©bZo g§~moYbobm nmobmXr nS>Xm Ho$di gmo{dEV
a{e`merM ‘`m©{XV ZìhVm. a{e`mÀ`m à^mdmImbr AgUmè`m nyd©
`wamonmVrb AZoH$ gmå`dmXr XoemVrb n[apñWVr `mnojm H$mhr doJir
ZìhVr. ~ëJo[a`mVrb ‘mÂ`m XrK© dmñVì`mV `mMr ‘bm àH$fm©Zo
OmUrd Pmbr.
B§Q>aZ°eZb
Am°J©Zm`PoeZ Am°’$ OZm©{bñQ>Zo ~ëJo[a`mMr amOYmZr gmo{’$`m
`oWo Am`mo{OV Ho$boë`m nÌH$m[aVoÀ`m Aä`mgH«$‘mmR>r Jmodm
l{‘H$ nÌH$ma g§KmMm ga{MQ>Urg `m ZmË`mZo ‘mPr {ZdS> Pmbr
hmoVr. Aä`mgH«$‘mÀ`m {Z{‘ÎmmZo Am{U EH$ nÌH$ma åhUyZ
^maVr` VwH$S>rVrb Amåhr XoemVrb Am{U ~ëJo[a`mVrb nÌH$m[aVoÀ`m
ì`dgm`mMr VwbZm H$aUo gmh{OH$M hmoVo. ~ëJo[a`mVrb d¥ÎmnÌm§darb
~§YZo Hw$UmÀ`mhr ghO bjmV `oÊ`mgmaIo hmoVo. Ago Agbo Var VoWrb
Hw$Urhr nÌH$ma `m ~§YZmMo ApñVËd AJXr AàË`jarË`mhr ‘mÝ`
H$amd`mg V`ma ZìhVm. ñdV…da bmXÿZ KoVbobo ~§YZ Z¡{VH$ AWdm
gm‘m{OH$ ~m§{YbH$s dJ¡ao Jm|S>g ZmdmImbr H$mhr ~§YZmMo H$mhr
OU g‘W©Zhr H$arV.
½bmñVZmoñVMo
dmao ’¡$bmdÊ`mAmYr ~ëJo[a`mVrb ~hþVoH$ gd©M d¥ÎmnÌo gaH$mar
‘mÜ`‘m‘m’©$V nwa{dbobr amOH$s` ZoË`m§Mr A{YH¥$V
N>m`m{MÌo dmnaV. ~½bo[a`mVrb EH$m gmám{hH$mÀ`m g§nmXH$mZo
Amåhmbm gm§{JVbo H$s, a{e`mV Jmo~m©Moìh gÎmoda Amë`mZ§Va
gwê$dmVrMo H$mhr {Xdg ~ëJo[a`mVrb gd©M d¥ÎmnÌo `m a{e`Z
ZoË`mMr EH$m {d{eîQ> nmoP‘Yrb N>m`m{MÌoM dmnaV. {‘ImB©b
Jmo~m©Moìh `m§À`m WmoS>ogo Q>³H$b AgUmÀ`m S>mo³Š`mda
bmb a§JmMm EH$ MÅm ñnîQ>nUo {XgVmo. Ë`m‘wio Jmo~m©Moìh
`mMr OZ‘mZgmVrb n«{V‘og Y³H$m bmJy Z`o åhUyZ ~hþVoH$ d¥ÎmnÌo
hm bmb MÅm AJXr H$m¡eë`d©H$ bndyZ Ë`mMo N>m`m{MÌ à{gÕ
H$arV AgV.
gmd©O{ZH$
g‘ma§^mV amOH$s`nwT>mè`m§Zr dm ‘§Í`m§Zr Sw>b³Š`m
KoÊ`mMo dm Om§^`m XoÊ`mMo àH$ma AndmXmZoM KS>VmV Ago Zmhr. nU
Agë`m àH$maMr N>m`m{MÌo N>mnÊ`mMohr YmS>g ~ëJo[a`mVrb
d¥ÎmnÌo H$aV ZmhrV Ago Ë`mdoiog Ë`m g§nmXH$mZo Amåhmg
gm§{JVbo.
~ëJo[a`mMo
Ë`m doiMo AÜ`j PìhH$m°ìh ho Amnë`m ZmVdmg‘doV {d‘mZVimdê$Z
naVVmZm KoVbobo EH$ N>m`m{MÌ `m g§nmXH$mZo Amnë`m gmám{hH$mV
N>mnbo Voìhm `m KQ>ZoZo EH$ ‘moR>rM Ii~I CS>dyZ {Xbr
hmoVr. VoWrb d¥ÎmnÌ ñdmV§Í`mVrb hr EH$ ‘moR>rM KQ>Zm
hmoVr.
~½bo[a`mVrb
‘mÂ`m dmñVì`V VoWrb AZoH$ ‘§Í`m§Mo Am{U amOH$s`nwT>mè`mÀ`m
CnpñWVrV nma nS>boë`m g‘ma§^mV hOa amhÊ`mMr g§Yr ‘bm
{‘imbr. `m XoemVrb {dMma ñdmV§Í`m{dê$Õ dm EH$m{YH$maemhr{dê$Õ
{ZfoYmMm EH$hr eãX VoWrb ZmJ[aH$m§Zr Cƒmaë`mMo ‘mÂ`m H$mZmda
EH$Xmhr Ambo Zmhr. EH$m{YH$maemhr{dê$Õ VoWrb ZmJo[aH$m§À`m ‘ZmV
Ag§Vmof IXIXV Agob Ago Xe©{dUmao H$gbohr {MÝh ‘mÂ`m ZOaoV Ambo
Zmhr.
‘mÌ
gwYmaUmdmXr {dMmam§Mo dmao dmhÿ bmJë¶mZ§Va EH$ XmoZ dfm©VM
~½bo[a`mVrb PoìhH$m°ìh `m§À`m Odinmg XmoZ XeH$m§À`m
hþHy$‘emhr H$maH$sXuMm eodQ> Pmbm. AmO `m hþHy$‘ehmÀ`m
AZoH$ H¥$Ë`m{dê$Õ IQ>bo ^aÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV.
~ëJo[a`mVrb
nyd© `wamonmVrb BVa AZoH$ gmå`dmXr amîQ>—mV hþHy$‘emhr
H$maH$sXvMm eodQ> Pmbm Amho. gwYmaUm§Mo ho dmê$ Hw$R>da
nmohmoMob ho AmÎmmM H$iUo ‘wíH$sb Amho. ‘mÌ gmå`dmXr XoemV
gÚm hmoUmè`m AZoH$ KS>m‘moS>rg H$maUr^yV Agbobr {‘ImB©b
Jmo~m©Moìh hr EH$‘od ì`º$s Amho.
(gm¡OÝ`
X¡{ZH$ ‘amR>dmS>m ( Am¡a§Jm~mX) ( 1 gßQ>o§~a 1991)
***
Comments
Post a Comment